# RecommendationsThe building blocks of such practices include top-down leadership, bottom-up empowerment, ownership, and responsibility, along with the need to consider system deployment contexts and/or ecosystems. Corporations should identify stages in their processes in which ethical considerations, “ethics filters”, are in place before products are further developed and deployed. For instance, if an ethics review board comes in at the right time during the A/IS creation process, it would help mitigate the likelihood of creating ethically problematic designs. The institution of an ethical A/IS corporate culture would accelerate the adoption of the other recommendations within this section focused on business practices.

## Further Resources- ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Ethics, which includes various references to human well-being and human rights,

1. - Report of UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression. AI and Freedom of Expression.
   
2. - The website of the Benefit corporations (B-corporations) provides a good overview of a range of companies that personify this type of culture.- R. Sisodia, J. N. Sheth and D. Wolfe, Firms of Endearment_, _2nd edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: FT Press,
   
3. This book showcases how companies embracing values and a stakeholder approach outperform their competitors in the long run." p.127"Organizations should identify points for formal review during product development. These reviews can focus on “red flags” that have been identified in advance as indicators of risk. For example, if the datasets involve minors or focus on users from protected classes, then it may require additional justification or alterations to the research or development protocols."
   
   ## Further Resources- A. Sinclair, “[Approaches to Organizational Culture and Ethics,](https://doi.org/
   
4. 1007/BF01845788)” Journal of Business Ethics, _vol. _12, no. 1, pp. 63–73,
   
5. - Al Y. S. Chen, R. B. Sawyers, and P. F. Williams. “[Reinforcing Ethical Decision Making Through Corporate Culture,](https://link.springer.com/article/
   
6. 1023/A:1017953517947)_” Journal of Business Ethics _16, no. 8, pp. 855–865,
   
7. - K. Crawford and R. Calo, “[There Is a Blind Spot in AI Research,](http://www.nature.com/news/there-is-a-blind-spot-in-ai-research-
   
8. 20805)” _Nature _538, pp. 311–313,
   
9. "p.132Leadership is important in this"Companies should create roles for senior-level marketers, engineers, and lawyers who can collectively and pragmatically implement ethically aligned design. There is also a need for more in-house ethicists, or positions that fulfill similar roles. One potential way to ensure values are on the agenda in A/IS development is to have a Chief Values Officer (CVO), a role first suggested by Kay Firth-Butterfield, see “Further Resources”. However, ethical responsibility should not be delegated solely to CVOs. They can support the creation of ethical knowledge in companies, but in the end, all members of an organization will need to act responsibly throughout the design process.Companies need to ensure that their understanding of values-based system innovation is based on _de jure _and _de facto _international human rights standards.- K. Firth-Butterfield, “How IEEE Aims to Instill Ethics in Artificial Intelligence Design,” The Institute. Jan. 19,
   
10. [Online]. Available: http://theinstitute.ieee.org/ieee-roundup/ blogs/blog/how-ieee-aims-to-instill-ethicsin-artificial-intelligence-design. [Accessed October 28, 2018]. - United Nations, Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework, New York and Geneva: UN,
    
11. - Institute for Human Rights and Business (IHRB), and Shift, ICT Sector Guide on Implementing the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights,
    
12. - C. Cath, and L. Floridi, “The Design of the Internet’s Architecture by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and Human Rights.” Science and Engineering Ethics, _vol. _23, no. 2, pp. 449–468, Apr.
    
13. "p.128