Offering new technical programs, possibly earlier than high school, to increase the workforce capacity to close the skills gap and thrive in employment alongside A/IS.
Creating opportunities for apprenticeships, pilot programs, and scaling up data-driven evidence-based solutions that increase employment and earnings.
Supporting new forms of public-private partnerships involving civil society, as well as new outcome-oriented financial mechanisms, e.g., social impact bonds, that help scale up successful innovations.
Supporting partnerships between universities, innovation labs in corporations, and governments to research and incubate startups for A/IS graduates.23
Developing regulations to hold corporations responsible for employee retraining necessary due to increased automation and other technological applications having impacton the workforce.
Facilitating private sector initiatives by public policy for co-investment in training and retraining programs through tax incentives.
Establishing and resourcing public policies that assure the survival and well-being of workers, displaced by A/IS and automation, who cannot be retrained.
Researching complementary areas, to lay solid foundations for the transformation outlined above.
Requiring more policy research on the dynamics of professional transitions in different labor market conditions.
Researching the fairest and most efficient public-private options for financing labor force transformation due to A/IS.
Developing national and regional future of work strategies based on sound research and strategic foresight.
## Further Resources
V. Cerf and D. Norfors, The People-centered Economy: The New Ecosystem for Work. California: IIIJ Foundation,
Executive Office of the President. Artificial Intelligence, Automation, and the Economy. December 20,
S. Kilcarr, “Defining the American Dream for Trucking ... and the Nation, Too,” FleetOwner, April 26,
M. Mason, “Millions of Californians’ Jobs could be Affected by Automation—a Scenario the next Governor has to Address,”Los Angeles Times, October 14,
OECD, “Labor Market Programs: Expenditure and Participants,” _OECD Employment and Labor Market Statistics _(database),
M. Vivarelli, “Innovation and Employment: ASurvey,” Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Discussion Paper No. 2621, February
"p.147-149
## RecommendationsWhile there is evidence that robots and automation are taking jobs away in various sectors, a more balanced, granular, analytical, and objective treatment of A/IS impact on the workforce is needed to effectively inform policy making and essential workforce reskilling. Specifics to accomplish this include:
Creating an international and independent agency able to properly disseminate objective statistics and inform the media, as well as the general public, about the impact of robotics and A/IS on jobs, tax revenue, growth,26 and well-being.
Analyzing and disseminating data on how current task content of jobs have changed, based on a clear assessment of the automatability of the occupationaldescription of such jobs.
Promoting automation with augmentation, as recommended in the Future of Jobs Report 2018 (see chart on page 154), to maximize the benefit of A/IS to employment and meaningful work.
Integrating more granulated dynamic mapping of the future jobs, tasks, activities, workplace-structures, associated work-habits, and skills base spurred by the A/IS revolution, in order to innovate, align, and synchronize skill development and training programs with future requirements. This workforce mapping is needed at the macro, but also crucially at the micro, levels where labor market programsare deployed.
Considering both product and process innovation, and looking at them from a global perspective in order to understand properly the global impact of A/IS on employment.
Proposing mechanisms for redistribution of productivity increases and developing an adaptation plan for the evolving labor market.
## Further Resources
E. Brynjolfsson and A. McAfee. The Second Age of Machine Intelligence: Work Progress and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company,
P.R. Daugherty, and H.J. Wilson, Human + Machine: Reimagining Work in the Age of AI. _Watertown, MA: _Harvard Business Review Press,
International Federation of Robotics. “The Impact of Robots on Productivity, Employment and Jobs,” A positioning paper by the International Federation of Robotics, April
RockEU. “Robotics Coordination Action for Europe Report on Robotics and Employment,” Deliverable D
1, June 30,
World Economic Forum, Centre for the New Economy and Society, The Future of Jobs 2018, Geneva: WEF
"150-152