"It is presently unknown** **whether long-term interaction with affective artifacts that lack cultural sensitivity could alter human social interaction.
## BackgroundSystems that do not have cultural knowledge incorporated into their knowledge base may or may not interact effectively with humans for whom emotion and culture are significant. Given that interaction with A/IS may affect individuals and societies, it is imperative that we carefully evaluate mechanisms to promote beneficial affective interaction between humans andA/IS. Humans often use mirroring in order to understand and develop their norms for behavior. Certain machine learning approaches also address improving A/IS interaction with humans through mirroring human behavior. Thus, we must remember that learning via mirroring can go in both directions and that interacting with machines has the potential to impact individuals’ norms, as well as societal and cultural norms. If affective artifacts with enhanced, different, or absent cultural sensitivity interact with impressionable humans this could alter their responses to social and cultural cues and values. The potential for A/IS to exert cultural influencein powerful ways, at scale, is an area of substantial concern."p.91-92"When affective systems are deployed across cultures, they could adversely affect the cultural, social, or religious values of the community in which they interact.Some philosophers argue that there are no universal ethical principles and that ethical norms vary from society to society. Regardless of whether universalism or some form of ethical relativism is true, affective systems need to respect the values of the cultures within which they are embedded. How systems should effectively reflect the values of the designers or the users of affective systems is not a settled discussion. There is general agreement that developers of affective systems should acknowledge that the systems should reflect the values of those with whom the systems are interacting. There is a high likelihood that when spanning different groups, the values imbued by the developer will be different from the operator or customer of that affective system, and that end-user values should be actively considered. Differences between affective systems and societal values may generate conflict situations producing undesirable results, e.g., gestures or eye contact being misunderstood as rude or threatening. Thus, affective systems should adapt to reflect the values of the community and individuals where they will operate in order to avoid misunderstanding."p.93