"When, if ever, andunder which circumstances,is deception performed by affective systems acceptable?
## BackgroundDeception is commonplace in everyday human-human interaction. According to Kantian ethics, it is never ethically appropriate to lie, while utilitarian frameworks indicate that it can be acceptable when deception increases overall happiness. Given the diversity of views on ethics and the appropriateness of deception, should affective systems be designed to deceive? Does the non-consensual nature of deception restrict the use of A/IS in contexts in which deception may be required?It is necessary to develop recommendations regarding the acceptability of deception performed by A/IS, specifically with respect to when and under which circumstances, if any,it is appropriate.1.In general, deception may be acceptable in an affective agent when it is used for the benefit of the person being deceived, not for the agent itself. For example, deception might be necessary in search and rescue operations or for elder- or child-care.2.For deception to be used under any circumstance, a logical and reasonable justification must be provided by the designer, and this rationale should be certified by an external authority, such as a licensing bodyor regulatory agency.
## Further resources
J. Shim and R. C. Arkin, “Other-Oriented Robot Deception: How Can a Robot’s Deceptive Feedback Help Humans in HRI?” Eighth International Conference on Social Robotics (ICSR 2016), Kansas, MO., November
J. Shim and R. C. Arkin, “The Benefits of Robot Deception in Search and Rescue: Computational Approach for Deceptive Action Selection via Case-based Reasoning.” 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics (SSRR 2015), West Lafayette, IN, October
J. Shim and R. C. Arkin, “A Taxonomy of Robot Deception and its Benefits in HRI.” _Proceedings of IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Conference, _Manchester England, October
"p.102-103