Deploying A/IS to detect fraud and corruption, to increase the transparency of power structures, to contribute to a favorable investment, governance, and innovation environment.
Supporting LMIC in the development of their own A/IS strategies, and in the retention or return of their A/IS talent to prevent “brain drain”.
Encouraging global standardization/ harmonization and open source A/IS software.
Promoting distribution of knowledge and wealth generated by the latest A/IS, including through formal public policy and financial mechanisms to advance equity worldwide.
Developing public datasets to facilitate the access of people from LMIC to data resources to facilitate their applied research, while ensuring the protection of personal data.
Creating A/IS international research centers in every continent, that promote culturally appropriate research, and allow the remote access of LMIC's communities to high-end technology.16
Facilitating A/IS access in LMIC through online courses in local languages.
Ensuring that, along with the use of A/IS, discussions related to identity, platforms, and blockchain are conducted, such that core enabling technologies are designed to meet the economic, social, and cultural needs of LMIC.
Diminishing the barriers and increase LMIC access to technological products, including the formation of collaborative networks between developers in HIC and LMIC, supporting the latter in attending global A/IS conferences.17
Promoting research into A/IS-based technologies, for example, mobile lightweight A/IS applications, that are readily availablein LMIC.
Facilitating A/IS research and development in LMIC through investment incentives, public-private partnerships, and/or joint grants, and collaboration between international organizations, government bodies, universities, and research institutes.
Prioritizing A/IS infrastructure in international development assistance, as necessary to improve the quality and standard of living and advance progress towards the SDGs in LMIC.
Recognizing data issues that may be particular to LMIC contexts, i.e., insufficient sample size for machine learning which sometimes results in de facto discrimination, and inadequate laws for, and the practice of, data protection.
Supporting research on the adaptation ofA/IS methods to scarce data environmentsand other remedies that facilitate an optimalA/IS enabling environment in LMIC.
## Further Resources
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O. Ajakaiye and M. S. Kimenyi. “Higher Education and Economic Development in Africa: Introduction and Overview.” _Journal of African Economies _20, no. 3, iii3–iii13,
D. Allison-Hope and M. Hodge, "Artificial Intelligence: A Rights-Based Blueprint for Business,” San Francisco: BSF, Aug. 28, 2018
D. E. Bloom, D. Canning, and K. Chan. _Higher Education and Economic Development in Africa _(Vol. 102). Washington, DC: World Bank,
N. Bloom, “Corporations in the Age of Inequality.” _Harvard Business Review, _April 21,
C. Dahlman, Technology, Globalization, and Competitiveness: Challenges for Developing Countries. Industrialization in the 21st Century. New York: United Nations,
M. Fong, Technology Leapfrogging for Developing Countries. Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, 2nd ed. Hershey, PA: IGI Global, 2009 (pp. 3707– 3713).
C. B. Frey and M. A. Osborne. “The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerisation?” (working paper). Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University,
B. Hazeltine and C. Bull. _Appropriate Technology: Tools, Choices, and Implications. _New York: Academic Press,
McKinsey Global Institute. “Disruptive Technologies: Advances That Will Transform Life, Business, and the Global Economy” (report), May
D. Rotman, “How Technology Is Destroying Jobs.” MIT Technology Review, June 12,
R. Sauter and J. Watson. “Technology Leapfrogging: A Review of the Evidence, A Report for DFID.” Brighton, England: University of Sussex. October 3,
“The Rich and the Rest.” _The Economist. _October 13,
“Wealth without Workers, Workers without Wealth.” The Economist. October 4,
World Bank. “Global Economic Prospects 2008: Technology Diffusion in the Developing World.” Washington, DC: World Bank,
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