“A school is looking at how AI systems can support the assessment of student written assignments. A provider has recommended an automated essay scoring system which uses large natural language models to assess various aspects of text with high accuracy. The system can be used to check student assignments, automatically identify errors, and assign grades. The system can also be used to generate sample essays. Over time, the system can train large artificial neural networks with historical cases that contain various types of student mistakes to provide even more accurate grading. The system has a plagiarism detection option which can be used to automatically detect instances of plagiarism or copyright infringement in written work submitted by students. The following guiding questions highlight areas that require attention: - Are there procedures in place to ensure that AI use will not lead to discrimination or unfair behaviour for all users? Diversity, non-discrimination and fairness - Who is responsible for the ongoing monitoring of results produced by the AI system and how the results are being used to enhance teaching, learning and assessment? Accountability - Do teachers and school leaders understand how specific assessment or personalisation algorithms work within the AI system? Transparency” (European Commission, 2022, p. 24)This white paper outlines critical issues associated with the use of Automated Essay Scoring (AES) technology in the Australian education system. The key insights presented in this paper emerged from a collaborative, multi-stakeholder workshop held in July 2022 that explored an automated essay-scoring trial and generated future possibilities aligned with participant we use participant to refer to those choosing to participate in research, those where consent-waivers may be in place or where some stakeholders may fulfil participant-researcher roles (e.g., teachers), and those 'data subjects' whose data is used in research often without their knowledge. interests and expertise. Drawing on the workshop and our expert understanding of the wider landscape, we propose recommendations that can be adopted by various stakeholders, schools, and educational systems.[Automated Essay Scoring in Australian Schools: Key Issues and Recommendations. White Paper](https://eprints.qut.edu.au/236511/)